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Industrious Revolution

The Industrious Revolution was a period in early modern Europe lasting from approximately 1600 to 1800 in which household productivity and consumer demand increased despite the absence of major technological innovations that would mark the later Industrial Revolution.[1][2][3] Proponents of the Industrious Revolution theory argue that the increase in working hours and individual consumption traditionally associated with the Industrial Revolution actually began several centuries earlier, and were largely a result of choice rather than coercion.[2]: 122  The term was originally coined by the Japanese demographic historian Akira Hayami to describe Japan during the Tokugawa era.[2]: 78  The theory of a pre–industrial Industrious Revolution is contested by some historians.[4]

  1. ^ Clark, Gregory; Van Der Werf, Ysbrand (1998). "Work in Progress? The Industrious Revolution". The Journal of Economic History. 58 (3): 830–843. doi:10.1017/S0022050700021197. JSTOR 2566627. S2CID 154711188.
  2. ^ a b c De Vries, Jan (2008). The industrious revolution: consumer behavior and the household economy, 1650 to the present. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-89502-6.
  3. ^ De Vries, Jan (1994). "The Industrial Revolution and the Industrious Revolution". Journal of Economic History. 54 (2): 249–270. doi:10.1017/S0022050700014467. JSTOR 2123912. S2CID 154990961.
  4. ^ Pomeranz, Kenneth (2002). "Political Economy and Ecology on the Eve of Industrialization: Europe, China, and the Global Conjuncture". The American Historical Review. 107 (2): 425–446. doi:10.1086/532293. JSTOR 532293.

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